Pandemi Sürecinde Devletin Geri Dönüşü: Fransa ve Türkiye Örnekleri

Bu çalışmada pandemi sürecinde devletin rolü ve işlevleri Fransa ve Türkiye örnekleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Kovid-19 pandemisinin kamu sağlığı güvenliği açısından yarattığı aciliyet, şok ve kriz ortamı, kamusal otoritelerin önlem alma pratiklerini dönüştürürken her ülkenin, sınırlarını ve güvenlik politikalarını yeniden gözden geçirmesine yol açmıştır. 1980'lerden itibaren refah politikalarından rekabetçi politikalara geçiş, ulusal sınırların esnekleşip uluslararası sermayeye açılması;küreselleşme ve kozmopolitleşme yönünde güçlü bir irade olduğu sanısını yaratmıştır. Ancak pandeminin yarattığı koşullara verilen tepki bunun aksi yönde sonuç vermiştir: Korumacı ekonomi politikalarının, gelir dağıtıcı yaklaşımının yanı sıra ulusal sınırların ve milliyetçi reflekslerin yükselişine şahit olunmuştur. Bu çalışmada bu gelişmelerin pandemi dönemi ile sınırlı ve geçici bir refleks olmayıp post-pandemik toplumsal koşullarda da süreceği iddia edilmekte ve bu süreci anlamak için devletin dönüşümü üzerinden bir okuma önerilmektedir. Çalışmada, hukuki bilgi ve belgelerin yanı sıra aktörlerin açıklamaları ve basına yansıyan haberler incelenmekte ve bahsi geçen dönüşümün sebepleri, mahiyeti ve olası sonuçları betimleyici ve yorumlayıcı yöntemle ele alınmaktadır.Alternate :In this study, the role and functions of the state in the pandemic process are discussed comparatively through the examples of France and Turkey. The urgency, shock, and crisis environment created by the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of public health security have led each country to reconsider its borders and security policies while transforming the precautionary practices of public authorities. Since the 1980s, it has been assumed that there was a strong will for the transition from welfare policies to competitive policies and the flexibility of national borders for strengthening globalization and cosmopolitanism. However, the reaction to the conditions created by the pandemic resulted in the opposite direction: The rise of national borders and nationalist reflexes, as well as the protectionist economic policies and income distribution approach, were witnessed. In this study, it is claimed that these developments will not be a temporary reflex limited to the pandemic period but will continue in post-pandemic social conditions. In addition, it will be suggested that an analysis of the transformation of the state in a historical process is crucial to understand this process. In addition to the legal information and documents, the explanations of the actors and the news will be examined, and the reasons, nature, and possible consequences of the transformation will be discussed with a descriptive and interpretive method.

Restricting Human Movement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Research Avenues in the Study of Mobility, Migration, and Citizenship: IMR

Every government in the world introduced restrictions to human mobility – that is, the movement of persons across and within state borders – in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such restrictions thus constituted a global phenomenon, but they were by no means globally uniform;rather, they varied significantly between and within states, as well as over time. This research note presents different data sources for studying the drivers and outcomes of mobility restrictions, highlighting specific ways in which the data can be used. We begin by surveying seven new databases capturing various aspects of the regulation of human movement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing inspiration from research on previous pandemics, we then outline five possible research avenues prompted by these data. We suggest that explaining the causes and consequences of such restrictions, as well as the differences between them, can significantly advance research on the governance of mobility, migration, and citizenship.

Settler colonial bordering and post-pandemic futures: disrupting the nation state in Aotearoa/New Zealand

In Aotearoa/New Zealand, the relative safety offered by border regime closures during Covid-19 promised to ease uncertainty surrounding perilous futures, yet it did so by extending nation building into more intimate areas of life, exacerbating existing lines of discrimination. While justified in terms of crisis management, state expressions of citizen care during the pandemic were largely modelled in terms of a particular conflation of nature, society and economy peculiar to settler colonialism. Using bordering practices during the pandemic as a point of departure, this essay draws on scholarship on borders to interrogate settler colonialism in Aotearoa. This allows for four innovations: First, it situates Covid-19 as structure rather than event, one which accentuated historical patterns of nation-making. Second, it underscores continuities in Indigenous relations of ownership, belonging, social reproduction, kinship ethics and environmental engagements. Third, it suggests alliances between migrants, non-white and colonized peoples;those for whom borders do not remain at the periphery, but rather penetrate deep into the informal spaces of the everyday. And fourth, it recalibrates resistances as expressions of sociality aimed at reclassifying nature, economy and society. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Cultural Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Comparative study of the limitations produced to freedom of movement in the European Union during the coronavirus crisis

This article seeks to define the exceptionality in the fulfillment of rights and free-doms of European citizens related to the free movement of people. The situation arising from the COVID-19 pandemic made the members of the European Union and the Schengen Area decide to impose movement restriction measures for citizens and residents in them. These ones, understandable at first due to the uncertainty of a new a new disease, endangered the European system of free movement itself, as well as the relevance of the systems of restriction of this right linked to European citizenship. © GKA Ediciones, authors.

Normal Island: COVID-19, Border Control, and Viral Nationalism in UK Public Health Discourse.

In this contribution, I present emergent analysis of a preoccupation with managing COVID-19 through border control, among non-Governmental public health actors and commentators. Through a reading of statements, tweets, and interviews from the 'Independent Sage' group - individually and collectively - I show how the language of border control, and of maintaining immunity within the national boundaries of the UK, has been a notable theme in the group's analysis. To theorize this emphasis, I draw comparison with the phenomenon of 'green nationalism', in which the urgency of climate action has been turned to overtly nationalistic ends; I sketch the outlines of what I call 'viral nationalism,' a political ecology that understands the pandemic as an event occurring differentially between nation states, and thus sees pandemic management as, inter alia, a work of involuntary detention at securitized borders. I conclude with some general remarks on the relationship between public health, immunity, and national feeling in the UK.

Immunization of mobility, "health corridor" and movement control in times of COVID-19

This article aims to analyze certain changes experienced in movement control policies in the South American space in times of border closures produced by the arrival of COVID-19. Specifically, it investigates the emergence and political production of the air "sanitary corridor". It is argued that the main transformations have been associated with the deployment of a variety of immunization of mobility practices aimed at classifying, filtering and channeling immunized mobilities and infectious mobilities in a context of border closures. Through a qualitative methodology that articulates documentary analysis and an interview with an official of Administracion Nacional de Aviacion Civil (Argentina), it shows that the legitimization of the "sanitary corridor" has been associated with its production as a response to the COVID-19 "crises" and its capacity to attend the mandate of "global health security", the economic narratives in favor of the reactivation of mobility, and the nationalist logics that consider the virus as a threat to security and public health.

Pandemic Geopolitics in the Anthropocene

The COVID-19 pandemic has simultaneously highlighted the extraordinary transformations of the contemporary earth system that are currently underway and the fragility of the political institutions in place that might offer some governance of human affairs in these novel circumstances. The pandemic response has, in places, generated retrograde geopolitical impulses to xenophobia and in others clear indications that international cooperation is crucial for dealing with disasters. The spectre of a deadly zoonotic diseases has once again raised questions of how human encroachment on animal species, both in supposedly wild spaces, and the very tamed ones of industrial agriculture, threatens a global civilization. The big question this all raises is whether novel governance mechanisms, taking ecological science seriously, will emerge from the pandemic wreckage in time to effectively tackle the accelerating climate change crisis which threatens further disruption of both human and natural systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

International Boundaries, Biological Borders, and the Public Governance of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Entering a Whole New Era?

Are international boundary lines likely to be the best places to implement health policies to control the spread of COVID-19 and, if not, then why? This paper explores various options and debates a number of policy alternatives. It explores what the biological borders of the COVID-19 virus mean to human communities in a context where immunization is not yet available. The arguments suggest focusing on counter-intuitive policy approaches that underscore the limited effectiveness of an international boundary line lockdown, as an effort to stop the virus spread. Border policies related to COVID-19 spread require novel thinking about borders and about the reach of health policies to control and eradicate the pandemic. Three public governance approaches are discussed in turn: Virus mitigation, Virus suppression, and Virus elimination. All three rely on individualising virus hosts from their communities, not entire communities from each other's: social distancing leads to mitigating policies;contact tracing leads to suppression, and quarantining, testing and surveillance to elimination. Neither requires the closure of the international boundary lines of a country but ‘elimination' that ultimately leads to a positioning of the ecological/biological border of the virus between two hosts. Indeed, with appropriate policy alignments constituencies may be able to implement biological boundaries within or across countries, cities or other regions of the world that are virus free. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

The Evolution of International Health: Lessons to Be Learned

Despite the United States' unique delivery of healthcare and status as a place of discovery and cutting-edge science, overall life expectancy is actually lower than that of other countries with similar per capita income. In comparison, developing countries around the world are utilizing innovative tactics to provide care to large amounts of people in a cost-effective way. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, if anything, has proven the interconnectedness of the world, showing how certain health diseases can directly affect those in other countries, bringing the need to understand global health to the forefront of medicine. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Immobility beyond borders: Differential inclusion and the impact of the COVID-19 border closures

This article discusses differential inclusion as it relates to mobility in Europe through migrants' experiences of the closure of the European Union (EU) Schengen borders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on 36 comparative online interviews with three groups of migrants – Erasmus students, asylum seekers and seasonal workers – the article empirically investigates how differential inclusion is reflected in migrants' perceptions of border closures and the impact of border closures on international mobility. Drawing on the concept of differential inclusion, I examine the divergent border mobilities in a moment of crisis. In the interviews, migrants' reflections on borders are informed either by their own perception of borders, their surprise at the lack of awareness of borders for other migrants, or the realisation that closed borders are crossed for capitalist economic demands under high health risks. Taking this as its basis, the article makes two arguments. First, that preexisting differential inclusion exacerbated during border closures in a global health emergency. Second, that borders are not concrete but flexible in (im)mobilising people according to capitalist economic demands. In this way, the article contributes to an understanding of the process of rebordering that took place during COVID-19 and in which borders remained spaces of differentiation. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Politics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

ICU without borders.

Critical illness is a continuum, but patient care is often fragmented. Value-based critical care focuses on the overall health of the patient, not on an episode of care. The "ICU without borders" model incorporates a concept where members of the critical care team are involved in the management of patients from the onset of critical illness until recovery and beyond. In this paper, we summarise the potential benefits and challenges to patients, families, staff and the wider healthcare system and list some essential requirements, including a tight governance framework, advanced technologies, investment and trust. We also argue that "ICU without borders" should be viewed as a bi-directional model, allowing extended visiting hours, giving patients and families direct access to experienced critical care staff and offering mutual aid when needed.

Cezhraničná cirkulácia slovenských opatrovateliek v Rakúsku počas pandémie na pozadí krízy starostlivosti

The paper focuses on the cross-border care circulation of Slovak care workers who work in Austria, with the care crisis and the pandemic in the background. Slovak care workers often work in short-term two-week work rotas, allowing them to balance work and private life. They remain primarily responsible for the social reproduction and care of their households. The pandemic and imposed measures have fundamentally affected this transnational circulation of care. Caregivers faced the challenge of mobilizing capacities and resources to cope with emerging situations, developing new strategies, and modifying existing ones. Based on interviews with care workers, employment agencies, and a non-governmental organization focusing on the rights of care workers, the study presents how care workers coped with the measures introduced during the pandemic period, describes selected strategies of care workers to ensure social reproduction in their families despite the pandemic, and also discuss selected changes in the individual life trajectories of women, to which the pandemic period contributed. The paper argues that although women contributed to addressing the emerging care deficit reinforced by the pandemic crisis, they had to rely on their capacities for the care needs of their families.

Контуры миграционного кризиса 2020-2022 гг. в России

Миграционная ситуация в России в период пандемии COVID-19 имеет целый ряд признаков кризиса. Этот процесс, как правило, связан с притоком больших масс мигрантов на ограниченную территорию в течение непродолжительного периода времени. В России кризисные явления в миграционной сфере на протяжении 2020 – начала 2022 г. были вызваны закрытием границ и сложным социально-экономическим положением, в котором оказались трудовые мигранты из азиатских стран СНГ. Однако предпосылки этого формировались на протяжении как минимум второй половины 2010-х гг. Во многом они были связаны с заметным увеличением объема и изменением этнической структуры миграционных потоков в пользу выходцев из стран Средней Азии. Одновременно происходило снижение численности трудовых мигрантов из Украины и Молдавии. Черты миграционного кризиса носили преимущественно локальный характер и рельефнее всего проявлялись в наиболее привлекательных для мигрантов регионах – Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и прилегающих к ним областях. Его проявлениями стали массовые акции протеста, беспорядки и конфликты с участием мигрантов, а также заметное обострение их отношений с работодателями, властями и местным населением.Alternate :The migration situation in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic has a number of signs of a migration crisis. The understanding of this phenomenon, which has developed under the influence of the migration crisis of 2014–2015 in the EU countries, is usually associated with the influx of large masses of migrants to a limited territory for a short period of time. In Russia, the crisis phenomena in the migration sphere during 2020 – early 2022 were caused by the closure of borders and the difficult socio-economic situation in which labor migrants from Asian CIS countries who were in the Russian Federation found themselves. However, the prerequisites for this crisis were formed during at least the second half of the 2010s. In many ways, they were associated with a noticeable increase in the volume and change in the ethnic structure of migration flows in favor of immigrants from Central Asian countries. At the same time, there was a decrease in the number of labor migrants from the European CIS countries – Ukraine and Moldova, who received the opportunity to work legally in the EU countries after signing Euroassociation agreements in the mid-2010s. Due to the vast territory of Russia and the unevenness of its economic development, the features of the migration crisis were mainly local in nature and were most clearly manifested in the most attractive regions for migrants – Moscow, St. Petersburg and adjacent areas. Its manifestations were mass protests, riots and conflicts involving migrants, as well as a noticeable aggravation of their relations with employers, authorities and the local population.

Introduction: Do we really want a return to normal?

Governments in many nations responded to these upheavals with public spending programmes on vaccines and medical equipment, and financial support for businesses and workers during lockdowns and public safety mandates. Taking a visual approach to borders, through the photographic self-representations of the study's participants, Biglin finds that legal status and a sense of belonging, being at home in one's space, do not correspond. BRETT NICHOLLS is Head of Media, Film and Communication at the University of Otago in New Zealand.

Strategic Investment Policies for Digital Transformation: The Case of Indonesia

Consumption and production of digital goods and services have increased in Indonesia for the past ten years. A fast-growing e-commerce sector and an increase in digital payments supported the strong growth of the digital economy. Although Internet and digital transactions emerged in the late 1980s, the regulatory framework governing digital activities was only introduced in 2008 with the enactment of the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. The government of Indonesia has relaxed foreign capital restrictions and provided fiscal incentives for digital businesses. Indonesia has also made commitments related to digital business in recent trade agreements in terms of the mutual recognition of consumer protection and cross-border data transfer. To encourage the use of ICT in public service, Indonesia introduced the 100 Smart City programme and has begun the implementation of electronic-based public service and operation (e-government). The government accelerated digital transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing the budget allocations for ICT in 2020 and 2021. To further accelerate digital transformation, the government needs to focus on digital literacy, nationwide integrated infrastructure, regulatory and institutional mechanisms and the innovation ecosystem.

What the COVID-19 crisis reveals about the relationship to space: The case of the closure of the French-German border in Alsace

Introduction. - The COVID-19 crisis of 2020 has led authorities to reestablish measures at the French-German border. The media refer to a "closure" of the border. This constitutes a rapid and brutal event in terms of the cross -border practices and mobility of local inhabitants. Objective. - By considering the closure period as a socio-spatial crisis, we question, first, the thematic structure of media discourse during the period of border closure, and second, the psychological continuity of the crisis discourse, by comparing it with pre -crisis interviews. Method. - A thematic analysis of the discourse is done on a corpus of 407 local press articles, and on 12 semi-structured interviews with young, local inhabitants. Results. - The analysis identified five themes which support the discursive media structure, and which organize and enable the debate. The international comparison and the use of historical and memorial content in the discourse enable actors to take a position on the border closure. The analysis of the links with the interviews shows that the relationship to the border during the crisis is structured on representational dimensions already present in the pre-crisis discourse of the inhabitants. Conclusion. - Results show a psychological continuity in pre and post-crisis discourse: the media discourse reveals preexisting representations of the border, which act as generators of opinions on its closure. Additionally, we discuss the results by focusing on the place of identity-based feelings in the representational relationship to the border: this phenomenon is analysed here on a group and positional level. (c) 2022 Societe Francaise de Psychologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A corona-carnival? A carnivalesque interpretation of (im)mobilities under COVID-19 lockdowns

The soviet social theorist Mikhail M. Bakhtin developed the theory of the carnivalesque as a logic of exaggeration, inversion and irony. Beyond carnival events themselves, Bakhtin proposed this logic as a creative instance to foresee openings within an assumed normality. The conceptual gaze of the ‘carnivalesque' helps to rethink the reconfiguration of actors and practices around mobility, borders and migration during the initial lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic. This impasse worked as a corona-carnival in the midst of the current mobility regime. The use of ‘carnivalesque' in this article is not related to the playful aspects of carnival as a parade, but to the potential of the carnivalesque impasse for envisioning alternatives, which are not necessarily emancipatory but deeply ambivalent, grotesque and unfinished. That carnivalesque momentum, marked by social norms placed on pause, is captured in artistic and linguistic production, acting as a collective legacy for imagining futures otherwise. This paper compiles some keywords which emerged during the corona-carnival impasse, each holding hopeful and dystopian glimpses of possible alterations to the status-quo. These linguistic productions question assumed notions and practices of migration management, opening the social imagination to other ways of engaging with human mobilities. © The Author(s) 2023.

The effects experienced by battered women in light of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19): A study applied to social workers in the Social Protection House and government hospitals in Makkah Al-Mukarramah

The Corona pandemic represents a human catastrophe that leads to changes and transformations that attacked the heart of societies and their economies, as global indicators indicate an increasing rise in cases of infection and death around the clock as a result of non-compliance with precautionary measures and measures to prevent the spread of infection in an alarming manner, which called on all governments of developed and developing countries to take measures to limit From the spread of this epidemic, as air traffic stopped, land, sea and air flights were canceled, borders were closed, trade and industry movement stopped, and states of emergency were declared to prevent citizens from being in gathering places in all its forms. A ban was imposed, and the current study seeks to identify the effects that battered women suffer in light of The Corona pandemic (COVID-19), through a set of sub-objectives and questions adopted by the study. The study is a descriptive analytical study using the comprehensive social survey method, social workers in the Social Protection House, in addition to those concerned with dealing with cases of violence in government hospitals in the Makkah region. The study on the questionnaire as a main tool in the studies The study reached a set of results, the most important of which were: the social factors associated with social distancing, the economic factors associated with closure, the psychological factors associated with home quarantine and lead to violence against women, and the results revealed the effects that battered women suffer as a result of the Corona pandemic, which are ( health, economic, social and psychological)

A nyugat-balkáni útvonal - migrációs trendek magyar szemszögből 2

A 2022-es évben folyamatosan no az irregularis migrációs nyomás Magyarország déli határán. Míg a 2020-2021 -es növekedést az illegális határátlépési kísérletek számában betudhattuk legalább részben a Covid-19-járvány miatt bevezetett korlátozások feloldásának, a 2022-es adatok további emelkedését már nem foghatjuk erre. Bár a jelenlegi érkezésszámok messze elmaradnak a 2015-ben tapasztaltaktól, ez nem jelenti azt, hogy az illegális migráció ma ne jelentene biztonsági kihívást. A tanulmány a rendelkezésre álló adatok elemzésén keresztül vizsgálja az irregularis migrációs mozgásokat. Földrajzi tekintetben a Magyarországot legközvetlenebbül érinto nyugat-balkáni útvonalra, idoben pedig elsosorban a 2020 utáni folyamatokra összpontosít, míg a migráció válfajait tekintve kizárólag annak irregularis formájával foglalkozik.Alternate :The pressure of irregular migration on the southern border of Hungary during 2022 has been increasing. While the increase in the number of illegal border crossing attempts in 2020-2021 could be attributed at least partially to the lifting of the restrictions introduced due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the further increase in 2022 cannot be explained by that. Although the current numbers are far below those seen in 2015, this does not mean that illegal migration is not a security challenge today. The study examines the irregular migration movements through an analysis of the available data. It focuses on the Western Balkan route, which most directly affects Hungary, and on the period after 2020, while regarding the types of migration, it deals exclusively with its irregular form.

COVID-19 and New internal bordering: The case of Slovakia

This paper analyses how a state produces new internal borders. It selected 1668 newspaper articles on the COVID-19 internal bordering case in Slovakia to answer this question. These articles were then analysed using the thematic trajectory analysis (TTA) through the conceptual prism of structurationism. The results suggest states apply methods during the production of internal borders similar to those used during the (re-)production of an international border. In particular, it shows the application of a military-testing nexus and economic tools to ensure compliance with the new border. Results also revealed that such a border is heavily dependent on popular support for the government and open to re-negotiations by relevant societal groups. From the border production perspective, this study offers a preliminary step into the area of internal borders imposed on a generally homogenous population, especially regarding the borders produced under COVID-19 conditions. © The Author(s) 2023.